Nur Atik Azkiyah, Bayan Rahman, Hasyim Asy’ari, & Jejen Musfah. (2026). Analysis of Charismatic and Transformational Leadership in the Phase of Resource Constraints: An Analytical Study of SMPIT AL ITQON. Al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies, 9(1), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i1.1929